ABSTRACT Sepsis is the organ dysfunction resulting from an infection associated with an unregulated host inflammatory response, which generates high mortality rates in Brazil. The aim of this stydy was to analyze the trend of early, late and post-neonatal mortality rates due to sepsis in Brazilian regions, from 2009 to 2018. This is an ecological study of time series. The trend of infant mortality from sepsis was analyzed using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD10) according to the place of residence (North, Northeast, Southeast, South and Midwest). Death Certificate data were collected from the Mortality Information System database. The temporal trend was analyzed using the Prais-Winsten estimate, interpreted as increasing, decreasing or stable, through the dependent variable (logarithm of mortality rates) and interdependent variables (years of the historical series). The Stata 14.0 statistical software was used. There were 39,867 infant deaths due to sepsis (78.67% for unspecified bacterial sepsis of the neonate ). Most of the children were male, had mixed ethnicity (black and white) , were born preterm with low birth weight and most mothers were 20-34 years old. There were decreasing trends in mortality rates from 2009 to 2018: early neonatal, in the Southeast (-3.57%), North (-3.33%) and South (-2.91%); late neonatal, in the South (-4.12%), Southeast (-4.53%), North (-4.55%) and Midwest (-6.21%); and post-neonatal, in the Northeast (-1.84%), North (-3.62%), Southeast (-3.83%) and Midwest (-5.81%). The Northeast showed a stable trend in early and late neonatal mortality rates. It was concluded that most regions showed a decreasing trend in mortality rates from sepsis in all age components, despite regional differences.

Resumo Objetivo: Investigar a relação do polimorfismo do gene FTO com obesidade em adolescentes no Nordeste brasileiro. Método: Estudo caso-controle realizado com adolescentes de 18 a 19 anos. O grupo caso foi formado por 378 indivíduos obesos e o controle por 378 não obesos. Obesidade foi medida pelo percentual de gordura corporal pela técnica de pletismografia por deslocamento de ar. Variáveis em estudo englobam dados socioeconômicos, demográficos, hábitos de vida, atividade física, circunferência da cintura, razão cintura-estatura e índice de massa corporal. Para identificação do polimorfismo rs9939609 do gene FTO foram obtidas amostras de sangue para extração do DNA genômico pela técnica de PCR em tempo real. Variáveis categóricas foram comparadas entre os grupos pelo teste qui-quadrado. Normalidade das medidas antropométricas índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura, razão cintura-estatura e percentual de gordura corporal foram avaliados pelo teste Shapiro-Wilk. Comparação das medidas antropométricas, estratificadas pelos genótipos do polimorfismo, foi realizada pelo teste Kruskall-Wallis. Calculou-se o equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg. Nível de significância adotado de 5%. Resultados: As variáveis sexo, idade e atividade física apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos (p < 0,001). As amostras dos adolescentes obesos e não obesos estavam em equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg (p = 0,0515). Não houve diferença significante entre as frequências genotípicas (p = 0,719) e alélicas (p = 0,812) em relação aos grupos caso e controle. Quando comparadas as medidas antropométricas segundo os genótipos (AA, AT e TT), não foi observada diferença significante do índice de massa corporal (p = 0,3337), circunferência da cintura (p = 0,3473), percentual de gordura corporal (p = 0,7096) e razão cintura-estatura (p = 0,2584). Conclusão: O excesso de adiposidade dos adolescentes em estudo não foi influenciado pelo genótipo.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between the FTO gene polymorphism with obesity in Brazilian adolescents from the Northeast region. Method: This was a case-control study with adolescents aged 18 to 19 years. The case group consisted of 378 obese individuals and the control group of 378 non-obese individuals. Obesity was measured by percentage of body fat using the air displacement plethysmography technique. The study variables included data on socioeconomics, demographics, lifestyle, physical activity, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and body mass index. To identify the rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene, blood samples were obtained for genomic DNA extraction by the real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique. Categorical variables were compared between the groups by the chi-squared test. The normality of the anthropometric measurements body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and percentage of body fat was evaluated by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Comparison of the anthropometric measurements, stratified by the polymorphism genotypes, was performed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was calculated. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: The variables gender, age, and physical activity showed significant differences between the groups (p < 0.001). The samples of obese and non-obese adolescents were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p = 0.0515). There was no significant difference between the genotypic (p = 0.719) and allelic frequencies (p = 0.812) regarding the case and control groups. When comparing the anthropometric measurements according to the genotypes (AA, AT, and TT), no significant difference was observed for body mass index (p = 0.337), waist circumference (p = 0.3473), percentage of body fat (p = 0.7096), and waist-to-height ratio (p = 0.2584). Conclusion: The excess adiposity of the study adolescents was not influenced by their genotype.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Congenital syphilis is considered a severe public health problem because it accounts for approximately 40% of the perinatal mortality rates, 25% of stillbirths, and 14% of neonatal deaths, in addition to causing severe consequences for the fetus. This study aimed to describe the rates of congenital syphilis in children under one year of age in Brazilian capitals from 2009 to 2016. METHODS: Ecological time series study, using rates of congenital syphilis in children under one year of age and living in Brazilian capitals. The Prais-Winsten regression model was used to assess the trend. RESULTS: A total of 44,056 cases of congenital syphilis in children under one year of age were reported in Brazilian capitals between 2009 and 2016. The highest rate of congenital syphilis in children under one year of age occurred in 2016 in Porto Alegre (31.07/1,000 live births). The Northeastern capitals showed high rates, particularly the capital Recife (23.67/1,000 live births). CONCLUSIONS: Congenital syphilis represents a major challenge for public policies. The need for improvements in the quality of prenatal care is highlighted, as it is essential to reduce the alarming rates.